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The Folger is closing at 4:30pm on Sunday, February 23, for a staff training exercise. Normal hours will resume when the Folger opens on Tuesday, February 25, at 11:00am.

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Effie Papanikolaou

is Associate Professor of Musicology at Bowling Green State University in Ohio. She leads all pre-performance talks for the Toledo Opera productions.
Verdi's Macbeth: "The opera without a love affair!"
Title page with Macbeth and witches
Shakespeare and Beyond

Verdi's Macbeth: "The opera without a love affair!"

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Effie Papanikolaou

“L’opera senza amore!” That was the Italians’ reaction to Verdi’s Macbeth when it premiered in Florence in 1847. Despite its immediate success and subsequent popularity, an opera that involved no great love affair struck audiences as an oddity.